Method and agent for breaking water-in-oil emulsions



Patented Aug. 12, 1941 METHQD ANED AGENT FQR ERG VJATER'DIQHA SKONS Bradshaw lF. endt, Eaytowrnllex, assignor to Standard @il Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 17, 1938,

Serial No. 214,315

14 Claims.

sion results. When oil is stored for refining pur-' poses, the small amount of bottom sludge and water which remains in the crude after treatment to break this emulsion, accumulates from successive batches of oil and forms a very tight emulsion which is generally referred to as tank bottoms.

The object of the present invention is to pro- I vide a novel, inexpensive and eflicientprocess for separating emulsions, of the kind referred to, into their component parts.

Novelty is imparted to the process of the present invention by virtue of the fact that a new demulsifying agent is employed, the actual procedura'l steps of the present process being substantially the same as those followed with other demulsifying agents. In general, the demulsifying agentof the present invention is used in small quantities. In large quantities it can be used as an emulsifying agent.

For obvious reasons it is desirable, if possible, to' employ an agent derived from petroleum oil itself to break the above described emulsions.

. Accordingly, in the past many attempts have been made to use sulfonic bodies obtained by the treat ment of mineral oil with sulfuric acid, such bodies usually being obtained as byproduct from the acid refining of lubricating oil and medicinal oils, as agents for breaking emulsions of such type. These sulfonic bodies may be divided into two general groups, sludge layer sulfonic bodies and oil layer sulfonic bodies. The former are water soluble and the latter are oil soluble.- Individually, these sulfonic bodies are not wholly satisfactory as demulsifiers of water-in-oil emulsions since they act too slowly and must be assisted in their action by the use of undesirably high temperatures. Moreover, since these bodies er sulfonic bodies are normally solid substances and are difiicult to handle and the sludge layer sulfonic bodies are of such high viscosity that they must be diluted for use.

Attempts have been made to supply the deficiencies of these'types'of sulfonic bodies by using them together. As is apparent from the various disclosures of the use of such mixtures in the prior art, it is necessary to use in conjunction with them some type of diluent, such as kerosene. The necessity of using a diluent adds to the cost of the demulsifying agent for a given potency.

According to the present invention a demulsifying agent of low pour point and of high potency is prepared by treating with sulfuric acid the extract obtained from naphthenic or mixed base crude oil or refined oil of the lubricating oil boiling range by the solvent'action of solvents which have a selectivity for cyclic and unsatu-.

rated compounds. As examples'of such solvents may be mentioned phenol, furfural, nitrobenzene and the like. Numerous other examples of such selective solvents may be found in the literature.

The exact chemicalnature of the extract may vary depending upon the base stock, and may contain varying proportions of aromatics, naphthenes and unsaturates. In the following discussion and in the appended claims, these extracts, for the sake. of simplicity, will be referred to as non-paraffinic.

The art of solvent extraction is almost universally practiced for the purpose of improving the V, I. of lubricating oils obtained from crude.

The extracts obtained have always presenteda problem since, while they are in the lubricating oil range, they are of a very low V. Land, therefore, unsuitable for use in lubricating oils, and because of their high gravity and low aniline point are unsatisfactory for use as cracking stock. Various suggestions have been made to use these extracts in wood preservatives, insecticides and similar fields, but they still constitute an undesirable byproduct of oil refining which is not readily or profitably disposed of. The present invention provides one outlet for these extracts and, at the same time, satisfies the need of 'a satisfactory demulsifying agent which can be derived from petroleum oil itself which has'long been recognized in the industry.

The demulsifying agents of the present invention are obtained, as previously indicated, by the treatment with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid of extracts obtained from naphthenic or mixed base oils of the lubricating oil boiling range by the solvent action of selective solvents. The acid treatment is conducted in the same manner as it is on crude oils themselves. In general, the acid treatment is carried out by using first a small amount of acid, which is known as a cutter-dump, followed by a treatment with a larger amount of acid. Each treatment with acid is followed by a sludge settling step and a separation of the sludge from the' oil.

The acid treatment may be divided into stages with an initial small cutter dump followed by a series of treats with a larger amount of acid. If desired, each stage may be preceded by a cutter dump. When a multi-stage acid treatment is employed it is generally desirable to discard the sludge from the first cutter dump and in some cases the sludge from the first main acid dump.

For the purpose of this invention, the total amount of sulfonic bodies produced by the acid treatment of the extract may be employed for demulsifying purposes, whether the acid treatment is carried out in one stage or in a plurality of stages. It has been found, however, that 3 there is a rather marked diflerence between various fractions of the sludge. That is to say. when a multi-stage acid treatment is employed. the combined sludges of the first two stages may chemical nature of these extracts the sulfonic bodies derived therefrom usually have a low pour point, and, consequently, may be used in conJunction with these oil soluble sulfonic bodies be superior to the combined sludges of the last two stages or of all the stages for certain emulsions. Likewise, the combined sludges of the last few stages may be more effective than those of the first stages or of all the stages for certain emulsions. be separated into cuts of different boiling range and these cuts separately acid treated. For certain emulsions the sulfonic bodies obtained by the acid treatment of the first overhead of an extract obtained from a lubricating oil of the usual boiling range has shown marked superiority over the product obtained by acid treating the whole extract or higher boiling cuts thereof.

Again, the extract itself may 40 The sulfonic bodies of the present invention may be used in the acid, alkaline or neutral state depending upon the particular type of emulsion to be treated. Some emulsions respond more readily to acid demulsiflers while others require a non-acid demulsifler. In any case, preliminary experiments must be made to determine exactly what type of demulsifier must be employed, since each emulsion presents an individual problem insofar as the question of whether the demulsifying agent should be acid or alkaline is concerned. ,When it is desired to use the sulfonic bodies in the neutral or alkaline state, they can be converted-by treatment with caustic or ammonia, preferably the latter.

The sulfonic bodies of the present invention may advantageously be employed in connection with other mineral oil sulfonic bodies, particularly those obtained from the oil layer resulting 1,387,835, 1,387,868, and 1,811,535. Due to the without the employment of a diluent. In the event that a diluent is desirable, a hydrocarbon solvent such as kerosene or an alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, may be employed.

The nature of the present invention will be better understood from the following examples in which are set forth illustrative procedural steps and operating conditions, and comparative tables demonstrating the superiority of the sul- 15 fonic bodies obtained from extracts over those obtained from the crude stock itself.

Exaurrz I A naphthenic or mixed base lubricating oil of Coastal origin having an A. P. I. gravity of 21.1, a via/ F. of 434, and a vls./210 F. of 51.7 was countercurrently extracted with by volume of 97.5% phenol at F. The phenol extract which represented 51.5% of the charge, had, after being stripped of phenol, an A. P. I. gravity of 15.6, a via/100 F. of 953, a via/210 F. of 59.4 and a viscosity index of -56.

The phenol extract and a distillate of the crude Coastal stock having the same viscosity at 210 F. as the phenol extractwere treated separately with 98% sulfuric acid. The acid treatments were carried out in ten stages with the initial two stages being cutter dumps. The sludges from the cutter dumps were discarded and the sludges from the remaining stages were combined in each case.

The combined sludges were treated with water and steam to separate most of the sulfuric acid and oil and the residue was dissolved in water. The viscosity and pour point of the sulfonated bodies from the combined sludges obtained from the extract were lower than the corresponding properties of the bodies obtained from the com bined sludes from the distillate. The sulfonated products which still contained up to 10% by weight of sulfuric acid and traces of oil were adjusted, to the desired total solids content by the addition or evaporation of water as required. A sample of each of the products was rendered alkaline with an excess of ammonia. v

In the following tables the acid sulfonic body from the Coastal distillate is designated as compound A, and the alkaline sulfonated body from the Coastal distillate is designated as compound B; the acid sulfonic body from the extract is designated as compound A and the alkaline sulfonated body from the extract is designated as B. The respective properties of these compounds were as follows:

These compounds were applied to emulsions of crude oil and water in the manner indicated in the following tables with the results indicated:

Source of demulsifying compound m Demulsifying compound type A A Emulsion from Amelia field Amelia field Treating ant/100 cc. of emulsion,

cc. of 1 solution 0.8 0.8

WATER sauna-rm) Minutes in bath Bath F.

Centrifuge results on oil layer: Per cent Per cent Bottom sediment and waten.-. 0. 3

l All samples placed in hot water bath.

Source of demulsifying compound aggai g Demulsilying compound type ll B Emulsion from Goose Creek Goose Creek field. field. Treating agent/100 cc. of emulsion,

cc. of%solution 2 2' WATER SEPARATED Minutes in bath Bath F.

Centrifuge results on oil layer: I Pr can! Per cent Bottom sediment and water 9. 5 z 6 1 All samples placed in hot water bath.

superior to those obtained from'the raw distillate of the same via/210 F., both in the caseof the acid agent and in the case of the ammonia-ted agent. Y

EXAMPLE II A sugarland crude was reduced to 77% bottoms which had an A. P. I. gravity of 21.1 a vis./ E. of 51.7, a viscosity index of 20, a flash point of 395 F., and a fire point of 440 F. Two separate portions of these bottoms, which will hereinafter be referred to as Stock C, were extracted with phenol under different conditions. One' portion was extracted countercurrcntly at F. with by volume of anhydrous phenol, and the extract from this run was used for the preparation of a sulfonic body hereinafter termed Compound D. The other portion was extracted with by volume, of a 97.5:2.5 phenol-water mixture at F., and during the extraction, 4% of water based on the phenol charged,.was injected into the mixture. The extract from this operation was used for the prep- Acm D Alk1a)line Acid E nlklaline Total solids 33. 6 44 33-5 43. 6 Total acidity as HgSOi 95.. 11. 5 9. 55 Free amonla 6. 54 5. 21 55 Absolute pour point. F l0 V solid content of 33.4 and a total acidity as H2804 as Compound E. The significant specifications of the phenol extracts were as follows:

Each of these extracts was treated with several dumps of 98% sulfuric acid eta temperature of the order of125 F. 41% of 1% water break was applied after each acid dump to facilitate coagulation and settling of the sludge. As a further measure, to facilitate the settling rate, a temperature of 120-l30 F. was maintained'during the settling step.

In preparing Compound D the extract from the first portion of batch C was first treated with 5 lbs. of sulfuric acid per bbl. and then with 18 lbs. per bbl.; Thereafter, eight 35 lbs. per bbl. acid treats, each preceded by a 5 lb. cutter dump were applied. Only the sludges derived from the 35 lb. treats together with those from the immediately preceding 5 1b. treats were utilized for demulsiflcation purposes.

The preparation of Compound E diffused from that of Compound D in that the second portion of batch C was subjected to an additional 5 1b. cuther dump and an 18 lb. acid treat before the eight stages of 35 lb. acid treatment. In this case, also, the sludges of the 35 lb. acid treats and their preceding 5 lb. treats were combined to form Compound E referred to in subsequent tables. The yield of CompoundD in bbls. per bbl. of batch C was 0.63, while the yield of Compound E was 0.47.

A portion of each of Compounds D and E were rendered alkaline with an excess of ammonia. The properties of the compounds before and after treatment with the ammonia were as follows:

In order to compare the effect of Compounds 1) and E, both in the acid and alkaline state with that of a comparable sulfonic ,body prepared from unextracted crude, a cut of the same Sugarland crude was prepared having a via/210 I". of approximately 57. or in other words. about the same as that of the extracts from batch C. This cut was characterized by a gravity of 213, a via/100 F. of 543, a flash point of 400 F. and a fire point of 480 F. This cut was treated with acid in the manner described for the productions of Compound D and yielded a sulfonic body pound F, which, in the acid state, had a total of 9.55%, and in the alkaline state had a total solids content of 44%, a content of free amaration of a sulfonic body hereinafter referred to 75 monia of 5.21%, and an absolute pour point of results obtained by treating diflerent emulsions,

with Compounds D, E and F. The compounds were used as 10% water solutions. The manner of conducting the demulsii'ying operation will be apparent from the data given. 13. S. 8; W. means bottom sediment and water.

Emulsion jrom' Conroe Field [Age of emulsion when tested, 54 days] Acid Acid Acid oornoomcompound D pound E pound F Cc. I Cc. Cc. Treating agent/100 cc. oi emulsion- 1 1 1 Min- Bath utes F.

122 All samples placed W i ted 29 as s is a 8 separa 9 u 125 ll' e "as" 3( 2? 5 2 a rsepara 17 m {81 dz 0 a 5 1s 9. 75 29. 25 22. 5 27 '128 {Sludge -0 0. 75 12.6

Pipe line 011.. 70. 25 70 65 Water separated... 30 29 25 47 128 Sludge 0- l 8 Pipe line oil 70 70 67 Centrifuge results: Per cent Per cent Per cent B. 8. 6: W 0.05 0.05 0. 15 Water 0 0 0 Emulsion from Goose Creek Field [Age oi emulsion when tested, 1 hour] [8. S. 6: W. content 23-24%] Alkaline com- Alkaline compound D pound F Cc. Cc. Treating agent/100 cc. of emulsiom- 2 2 WATER SEPARATED Cc. Cc.

Per cent Per cent 2. 4 9 2. 4 9 0 0 1 All samples placed in bath.

Exusrnn III In order to examine the relative effectiveness of difierent fractions of the sulionic bodies produced as described in Example II, a demuisifysecond as Compound H. The properties oi. these demulsii'ying agents in both the acid and alkaline state were as follows:

Com- Compound G pound H 4 'iotsl solids-...i .-peroent 43. 5 44. 4 Free ammonia 0..-. 6. 32 6.48 Physical tests.

Absolute pour F 6 5 Furol viscosity at 122 IL..- 13 31 pH of a 10% solution 9. 78 0. 92 Ans l ysis: I

otsl solids pereent-; 33.4 33. 1 Total acidity as mso. do 10. s '13. 1 Physiml tests: 1

Absolute pour.-- 25 25 pH of a 10% solution... 0. 94 0. 00

An emulsion of crude oil-and water. after standing for six hours, was treated with Com-- pounds F. G and H. These compounds were Emulsion from Goose Creek Field [Age of emulsion when tested, 6 hours] Alkaline Alkaline Alkaline 62; 2 comcomcompound F pound G pound H Cc. Cc. Cc

0 146' Allsam'plesplaced in bath. 10 146 Water separated... 1 13 15 25 144 Water separated... 3 22 18 35 5 {Water-separated... 6 22 19 Sludge 0 0 0 45 m 3 s s s rsepara 75 {Sludge o o o Centrifuge Per cent Per cent Per cm! B. 8. dc l0 1. 2 4. 0 Water 10 1.2 3.0 B. S 0 0 1.0

An emulsion of crude oil'and water which had stood 47 days and contained 56-57% of bottom sediment and water was treated with Compounds 6 and mrespectively, in. the acid state. In

each case. 0.8 cc. of treating agent per cc. of emulsion were employed. The results were as follows:

Acid Acid seis" mpound G pound l1 Cc. life. 0 All samples placed in bath... 2 126 Water separated 2 48 7 126 Water separated. 7 55. 14 125 gag: sepera tg d. g: a separa 1a 124 Fa 6g 0 a er separa 56. 25 124 udge $5 0 Water separated 63. 5 66. 45 126 Sludge 4. 5 0

. Pipe line oil 42 43.

Centriiuge results: V I Per cent Per can B.S.&W 0.3 0. 0. 3 0. 0 0.

content by the evaporation or addition of water,

as required. The resulting products had the following characteristics:

as follows: Compound Compound Com- 5 D pound M Alkaline Alkaline Analysis: Mlll- Bat Totalsolids .per cent 33.0 33.0 34.1 utes F. pound pound Total acidityasHaSO;

G H per limit. 9.8 10. a 011 and asphalt 9. 1 8. 4 Cc. Cc ie gggll $2512?! 94 710 828 8 a p pg g in bath 24 56 0 Absolute pourfligr +10 +45 +45 g g gg g 28 0 pH of a 10% solutio 0. 8 0. 92 0. 85 14 125 P1333151? broken emulswn 32 0 Neutralized with ammonia Pipeline oil... 40 43.0 1 28 {threaten 2; i; 15 sg ;;-;;3i: ig; e3 eg as;

Physical tests:

Furol via/122 r 15 24 m Centrifuge results: Per cent Per cent Absolute P0111..-- F.. -5 10 0 B. s. & W 0.4 0. a pH ois 10% solution 9.5 9.5 9.45

Separate portions of an emulsion of crude oil and water which had stood for three hours and From the above tables it can be seen that in contained 19.20% of tt sediment and water, some cases the combination of the sludges from were t t t Compounds D, 1, and M, the first two stages are superior to the combina- 25 spectively. Th compgunds were used as 10% tion of the sludges from the las tW Stages, While solutions, each treatment being conducted with 2 in other cases the reverse is truecc. of treating agent per 100 cc. of emulsion.

The results were as follows: EXAMPLE IV In order to observe the efiect of the boiling 138th 5,2 fig? $2 range 01 the extract on the efiectiveness of the Pound L p v d demulsifying agent produced, the extract from which-Compound D was produced, was distilled 0 146 I filQ P under a vacuum and the 0-40% overhead cut 20 145 v$ I was recovered and treated with sulfuric acid to 50 143 {gm n 3-0 3 produce a demulsifying agent hereinafter re- 75 140 w fggggmajj no 1 1 ferred to as Compound L. A heavy extract was g g 3 0 g 0 3-; prepared, by phenol extracting a heavy cut of 105 144 {Sl1 1 d g e??i ii. 0' 0' 0' the same crude, and was acid treated to produce 40 120 14s ggfig p 3- 8- 3- a compound hereinafter referred to as Compound M. The relative physical characteristics of the base stocks for Compounds D, L and M were as gf g ga f, 'f follows: 7.0 1. 3

0 o Base Stock Basestock 232mg 'An emulsion of crude oil and water which had M stood for 82 days and contained 57% of bottom sediment and water was treated separately with Inspections: Compounds D, L and M in 10% water solution; my 1 g' 13- In each case, 0.6 cc. of treating agent per 100 cc. 525 of emulsion were employed. The results were as 5'9. 4 42. 5 "266:5 follows: -56 --93 Acid Acid Acid Min- Bath comcomcom- Compound D was prepared as described in utes F. pound pound pound Example II. The preparation of Compound L L M D differed somewhat in that an average treating temperature of 120 F. was maintained, and after 0 k ig i ff'fff the preliminary 5 and 18 pound dumps, the re- 9 121 Water separated" 38:6 "i "5T6 mainder of the acid was applied n the form of 12 122 gifit'ifi fitfffi eight 40 lb. dumps, the 5 lb. cutter treats and 1 124 W s p t d -0 "i 'iO-O water breaks being omitted. Compound L was 19 125 made by combining the sludges from the 40 lb. 29 126 separated 5;. 2 219.3 ss5 41 126 treatise-J: 57:0 s" 5030 The heavy extract used for the production of Sludge Compound M was mixed with an equal volume 69 121 21g of kerosene and was then treated at 80 F. ugith equal dumps of 104.5% fuming sulfuric acid, he three combined being equivalent to approximatei. a 25 a f; 1y 410 lb. of 98% acid per bbl. of oil. Compound 8-? E3 3-? M was a composite. of the sludges of these three acid treats. These three compounds were t very clembroken out treated for the adjustment of their total sludge fiNot centrifuged.

7 I No definite line.

It will be noted that in this case the treatin agent from the light extract showed marked superiority over the other two. A similar marked superiority wasexhibited by Compound L when the agents were used in the alkaline state.

An emulsion of crude 011 and water which had stood for two days and contained 32-33% of bottom sediment and water, was treated separately with Compounds D, L and M in water solutions. In each case 1.5 cc. of treating agent per 100 cc. of emulsion were used. The results were as follows:

Alkaline Alkaline Alkaline Mtinl-lrith com:i com:i corn;l u es poun poun poun L M D 0 1% All samples placed Cc. Cc Cc.

in hath i 10 122 Pipe line oil 2o. 0 o v 0 2 30 12; Pipe line oil 42. 0 0 0 60 126 {Pipeline o 49. 0 0 0 Water separated 1 0. 5 Trace Trace 132 Pi line 5s. 5 0 0 Water separated Trace Trace Trace m0 138 Pipeline oil 54. 0 40. 0 Water separated Trace Trace Trace 115 138 ipe line oil 55. 0 47. o

Water separated Trace Trace Trace 135 137 Pipe line oil 66. 0 48. 0 Water separated- 0. 5 Trace l. 0

In each case the sulfonic bodies from the light ends of the lubricating oil extract proved to be most eifective. There appeared to be a general decrease in efiectiveness as the average boiling point increased. In all cases, however, the sulfonic body from the extract is superiorto a sulfonic body from anon-extracted oil of .the same general' properties.

In the experiments described in the foregoing examples, an elevated temperature was employed to aid in the demulsification. It is to be understood that an elevated temperature was employed in these experiments because such temperature was necessary for the use of sulfonic bodies derived from unextracted petroleum oil, and it was desired to carry out the experiments under the same conditions. Satisfactory demulsiflcation can be secured with the demulsiflers of the present invention without resorting to the conjoint use of elevated temperatures.

It is to be understood that the foregoing examples are not intended to define the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims in which the expression "sulfonic bodies" is intended to include the sulfonic bodies of the character described above in the acid, alkaline and neutral state. Whenever the term a non-parail'lnic extract of a petroleum oil" is used in the appended claims, reference is had to an extract which is obtained by treating petroleum oil with a selective solvent such as phenol, nitro-benzene, furfurol, or the like, which extracts certain constituents from the oil by virtue of its selective solvent power for such constituents and not by reacting with such constituents, as distinguished from the acid sludges that are obtained by treating petroleum oils with sulphuric acid.

I claim:

1. A method for breaking a petroleum emulsion of the water-in-oil type which comprises subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent comprising a sulfonic body derived from a non-paraflinic extract of a petroleum oil boiling within the paraflinic extract of a. petroleum oilboiling in 2. A method for breaking a petroleum emulsion of the water-in-oil type which comprises subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying-agent comprising a sulfonic body derived from the lighter portion of a non-parafinic extract of a petroleum oil boiling in the lubricating range.

3. A method for breaking a petroleum emulsion of the water-in-oil type which comprises subjecting the emulsion to the actionof a demulsifying agent comprising a. sulfonic body obtained by combining the sludges of the first few stages of a multi-stage sulfuric acid treatment of a nonparafllnic extract of a petroleum oil boiling in the lubricating range.

4. A process for breaking-a petroleum emulsion of the water-in-oil type which comprises subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent comprising a sulfonic body formed by combining the last few sludges of a multistage sulfuric acid treatment of a non-paraflinic extract of a petroleum oil boiling in the lubrieating range.

5. A demulsifying agent for water-in oil emulsions comprising asulfonic body derived from a non-paraiflnic extract of a. petroleum oil boiling within the lubricating oil ran e, 1 i

6. A demulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions comprising a sulfonic body derived from the lighter portion of a non-parafflnic extract of a petroleum oilboiling in the lubricating oil range.

emulsions comprising a sulfonic body obtained by combining the sludges of the first few stages of a multi-stage sulfuric acid treatment of a nonthe lubricating range.

8. A demulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions comprising a sulfonic body formed by combining the last few sludges of a multi-stage sulfuric acid treatment of a non-parafiinic extract oi' a petroleum oil boiling in the lubricating range.

9. A demulsiiying agent for water-in-oil emulsions comprising a sulfonic body derived from a phenolic extract of a petroleum oil boiling within the lubricating oil range.

, 10. A demulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions comprising a sulfonic body derived from a non-parafiinic extract of a petroleum oil boiling within the lubricating oil range and an oil layer sulfonic body obtained by the treatment with sulfuric acid of a mixed base oil boiling within the lubricating oil range.

11. A method for producing a demulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions which comprises subjecting a mixedbase oil boiling within the lubricating oil range to extraction with a solvent having a selectivity for non-paraffinic hydrocarbons, subjecting the extract so obtained to treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid whereby a sludge is produced and recovering the demulsifying agent from'the sludge.

12. A method for producing a demulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions comprising subjecting a mixed basepetroleum oil boiling within the lubricating oil range to extraction with a solvent having selectivity for non-paraflinic hydrocarbons, subjecting the extract so obtained to distillation, recovering an overhead constituting less than half the volume of the extract, subjeoting this overhead to a treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid whereby a sludge is formed and recovering the demulsifying agent from this sludge.

vwithin the lubricating oil range to extraction with a solvent having selectivity for non parafflnic hydrocarbons, subjecting the extract so produced to the action of concentrated sulfuric acid in a multiplicity of stages whereby a sludge.

is formed in each stage, combining the sludges of the first few stages and recovering the demulsitying agents from said combined sludges.

.14. A method for producing a demulsitying agent for water-in oil emulsions comprising subiecting a mixed base petroleum oil boiling within the lubricating range to extraction with a solvent having a selectivity for non-parafilnic hydrocarbons, subjecting the extract so obtained to the action of concentrated sulfuric acid in a multiplicity of stages whereby a sludge is formed in each stage, combining the sludges 0'! the last few stages of the acid treatment and recovering the demulsifying agent from said combined sludges.

BRADSHAW F. ARMEND'I'. 

